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Zombie Papers

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What do you call a research paper that’s been retracted, but keeps coming back in arguments? A zombie paper!

These research papers are often retracted because of research misconduct.There are 3 main forms of research misconduct:

  • Fabrication → when the data or results reported are made up
  • Falsification → when some data or results are either omitted, manipulated, or presented in a way that does not adequately represent the research
  • Plagiarism → when someone else’s ideas, results or words are used as their own without credit

Zombie papers can have a major impact on public health, the general public trust in science, and future research as well. Zombie papers are often used by misinformers, so be careful!

Want to know if a paper has been retracted? Enter the title or the authors’ names in the The Retraction Watch Database at retractiondatabase.org to find out, and make sure you are only looking at the most up-to-date science!

Remember, science does not perform misconduct, ill-intended individuals do.

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